Equilibrio trabajo-vida y su relación con la salud mental en trabajadores de diferentes profesiones: una revisión sistemática
Work-Life Balance and its Relationship with Mental Health in Workers of Different Professions: a Systematic Review
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La globalización y la búsqueda de la eficiencia organizacional han desdibujado la línea que equilibra el trabajo y la vida personal. Cada vez es más difícil separar los roles y evitar extender los horarios laborales, lo cual puede conllevar a una sobreexposición de factores de riesgo psicosocial, afectando la salud mental de los trabajadores e incrementando costos para las organizaciones. El objetivo del artículo es caracterizar la relación existente entre el equilibrio, vida laboral y personal —WLB, por sus siglas en inglés Work-Life Balance— y la salud mental de los trabajadores —estrés, depresión, ansiedad, burnout, angustia y fatiga—, para lo cual se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, y mediante el análisis de 43 estudios se logró aclarar el concepto del WLB. Se presentaron los hallazgos generales sobre la relación WLB y salud mental, y se analizó el contexto de los estudios haciendo énfasis en sectores u ocupaciones. Así, se concluye que algunos estudios no se centran verdaderamente en el WLB, ya que prefieren enfocarse en la perspectiva negativa —conflicto —, y en el caso de la salud mental los estudios se centran en los síntomas de la enfermedad. En otros hallazgos, se determinó que no hay consenso en resultados por género, ni frente al impacto de la flexibilización laboral en la relación —WLB y la salud mental—. En lo metodológico, la mayoría de estudios analizados son cuantitativos, transversales y con muestras homogéneas, que contemplan la perspectiva individual —autoinforme— y tan solo uno estudia las condiciones de trabajo.
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