Transparency in utility companies listed in Latin America: Online financial disclosure
Transparencia en las empresas de servicios públicos listadas en Latinoamérica: divulgación financiera en internet
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
This paper aims at examining financial information disclosure practices by utility Companies (UCs) listed in México, Chile, Colombia, and Perú, and identify online financial information disclosure determinants. This study employed a sample of 70 listed UCs, and an Internet Financial Information Index (IFI) appropriate for the UC industry's particularities. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis by ordinary least squares is performed to identify the determinants behind the IFI disclosure results. The results show that listed UCs display an average of 67.9% IFI disclosure. The company size and return on equity variables showed a positive and meaningful relationship with IFI, while indebtedness and return on assets showed a significant yet negative relationship with it.
Detalles del artículo
Referencias (VER)
Aboutera, L. & Hussein, A. (2017). Determinants of internet financial reporting by Egyptian companies. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 8(10), 28-39.
Ahmed, A. H., Burton, B. M. & Dunne, T. M. (2017). The determinants of corporate internet reporting in Egypt: an exploratory analysis. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 7(1), 35-60. https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-04-2015-0024
Ahmed, A. H., Mardini, G. H., Burton, B. M. & Dunne, T. M. (2018). Is internet reporting useful? Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 19(4), 574-591. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-03-2017-0042
Akerlof, G. A. (2002). Behavioral macroeconomics and macroeconomic behavior. American Economic Review, 92(3), 411-433. https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260136192
Aksu, M. & Kosedag, A. (2006). Transparency and disclosure scores and their determinants in the Istanbul stock exchange. Corporate Governance, 14(4), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2006.00507.x
Al-Sartawi, A. M. A. M. & Reyad, S. M. R. (2019). The relationship between the extent of online financial disclosure and profitability of Islamic banks. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 17(2), 343-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-11-2017-0103
Alali, F. & Romero, S. (2012). The use of the internet for corporate reporting in the Mercosur (Southern common market): The Argentina case. Advances in Accounting, 28(1), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2012.03.009
Aly, D., Simon, J. & Hussainey, K. (2010). Determinants of corporate internet reporting: Evidence from Egypt. Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(2), 182-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686901011008972
Andrades, J., Martínez-Martínez, D., Larran, M. & Herrera, J. (2019). Online information disclosure in Spanish municipal-owned enterprises: A study based on the compliance with transparency requirements. Online Information Review, 43(5), 922-944. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2018-0063
Andrikopoulos, A., Merika, A. A., Triantafyllou, A. & Merikas, A. G. (2013). Internet disclosure and corporate performance: A case study of the international shipping industry. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 47, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2012.10.016
Ariff, A. M., Bin-Ghanem, H. O. & Hashim, H. A. (2018). Corporate ownership, internet penetration and internet financial reporting: Evidence from the gulf cooperation council countries. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 11(1), 185-228. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol11no1.7
Arsov, S. & Bucevska, V. (2017). Determinants of transparency and disclosure - evidence from post-transition economies. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 30(1), 745-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2017.1314818
Ashaye, R. O. & Irani, Z. (2019). The role of stakeholders in the effective use of e-government resources in public services. International Journal of Information Management, 49, 253-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.016
Ashbaugh, H., Johnstone, K. M. & Warfield, T. D. (1999). Corporate reporting on the internet. Accounting Horizons, 13(3), 241-257. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.1999.13.3.241
Ayala Espino, J. (1999). Instituciones y Economía. Una introducción al neoinstitucionalismo económico. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Ball, R. (2001). Infrastructure requirements for an economically efficient system of public financial reporting and disclosure. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services, 127-169. https://doi.org/10.1353/pfs.2001.0002
Bananuka, J. (2019). Intellectual capital, isomorphic forces, and internet financial reporting: evidence from Uganda’s financial services firms. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 36(2), 111-134. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeas-03-2018-0042
Biondi, Y. (2018). Fair value and the formation of financial market prices through ignorance and hazard. In Y. Biondi (Ed.). The Routledge Companion to Fair Value in Accounting (pp. 288-295). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315621876-16
Boehm, F. (2005). Corrupción y captura en la regulación de los servicios públicos. Revista de Economía Institucional, 7(13), 245-263. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/view/128
Bolton, R. & Foxon, T. J. (2015). Infrastructure transformation as a socio-technical process - Implications for the governance of energy distribution networks in the UK. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90(Part B), 538-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.02.017
Bowrin, A. R. (2015). Comprehensiveness of internet reporting by Caribbean companies. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 5(1), 2-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-08-2011-0028
Caba Pérez, C., Rodríguez Bolívar, M. P. & López Hernández, A. M. (2008). e-Government process and incentives for online public financial information. Online Information Review, 32(3), 379-400. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520810889682
Cárcaba García, A. & García García, J. (2008). Determinantes de la divulgación de información contable a través de Internet por parte de los gobiernos locales. Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, 37(137), 63-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/02102412.2008.10779639
Cieslewicz, J. K. (2014). Relationships between national economic culture, institutions, and accounting: implications for IFRS. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(6), 511-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2013.03.006
Debreceny, R., Gray, G. L. & Rahman, A. (2002). The determinants of internet financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 21(4-5), 371-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4254(02)00067-4
Dolinšek, T., Tominc, P. & Skerbinjek, A. L. (2014). The determinants of internet financial reporting in Slovenia. Online Information Review, 38(7), 842-860. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2014-0025
Eng, L. L. & Mak, Y. T. (2003). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 22(4), 325-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4254(03)00037-1
Fuertes-Callén, Y., Cuellar-Fernández, B. & Pelayo-Velázquez, M. (2014). Determinants of online corporate reporting in three Latin American markets: The role of web presence development. Online Information Review, 38(6), 806-831. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-10-2013-0240
Galetovic, A. & Sanhueza, R. (2002). Regulación de servicios públicos: ¿hacia dónde debemos ir? Estudios Públicos, 85, 101-137. https://www.estudiospublicos.cl/index.php/cep/article/view/811/1470
Garcia-Murillo, M. (2013). Does a government web presence reduce perceptions of corruption? Information Technology for Development, 19(2), 151-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2012.751574
Gómez-Villegas, M. & Montesinos Julve, V. (2014). Gobierno electrónico y transparecia financiera y presupuestal de los departamentos en Colombia. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 19(68), 670-698. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=29032819004
Hellman, N., Carenys, J. & Moya Gutiérrez, S. (2018). Introducing more IFRS principles of disclosure-will the poor disclosers improve? Accounting in Europe, 15(2), 242-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2018.1476772
Hermalin, B. E. & Weisbach, M. S. (2012). Information Disclosure and Corporate Governance. The Journal of Finance, 67(1), 195-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01710.x
Hodge, F. D., Kennedy, J. J. & Maines, L. A. (2004). Does search-facilittating technology improve the transparency of financial reporting? The Accounting Review, 79(3), 687-703. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2004.79.3.687
Hodgson, G. & Jiang, S. (2008). La economía de la corrupción y la corrupción de la economía: una perspectiva institucional. Revista de Economía Institucional, 10(18), 55-80. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/view/67/53
Hood, C. (2010). Accountability and transparency: Siamese Twins, Matching parts, Awkward couple? West European Politics, 33(5), 989-1009. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2010.486122
Hossain, M., Perera, M. H. B. & Rahman, A. R. (1995). Voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of New Zealand Companies. Journal of International Financial Managment & Accounting, 6(1), 69-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-646X.1995.tb00050.x
IASB. (2019). disclosure initiative - principles of disclosure principles of disclosure. Foundation IFRS.
Jensen, M. C. & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Juhmani, O. (2017). Corporate governance and the level of Bahraini corporate compliance with IFRS disclosure. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 18(1), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-05-2015-0045
Kelton, A. S. & Yang, Y. (2008). The impact of corporate governance on Internet financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(1), 62-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2007.11.001
Kim, J. (1985). The market for "lemons" reconsidered: A model of the used car market with asymmetric information. The American Economic Review, 75(4), 836-843. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1821360
Küpper, H. U. & Pedell, B. (2016). Which asset valuation and depreciation method should be used for regulated utilities? An analytical and simulation-based comparison. Utilities Policy, 40, 88-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2016.05.001
La Porta, R., Lopez‐de‐Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. & Vishny, R. W. (1998). Law and Finance. Journal of Political Economy, 106(6), 1113-1155. https://doi.org/10.1086/250042
Laffont, J. J. & Tirole, J. (2001). Competition in telecommunications. CES.
Leão Lyrio, M. V., João Lunkes, R. & Castelló Taliani, E. T. (2018). Thirty years of studies on transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector: The state of the art and opportunities for future research. Public Integrity, 20(5), 512-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1416537
Loch, M., Marcon, R., Pruner da Silva, A. L. & Xavier, W. G. (2018). Government’s impact on the financial performance of electric service providers as both regulatory and shareholder. Utilities Policy, 55, 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2018.09.007
Löfgren, A. K., Persson, T. & Weibull, J. W. (2002). The contributions of George Akerlof, Michael Spence, and Joseph Stiglitz. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 104(2), 195-211. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3441066
López Roldan, P. & Fachelli, S. (2015). Metodología de la investigación social cuantitativa. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/caplli/2016/163564/metinvsoccua_a2016_cap1-2.pdf
Lu, H., Shin, J. E. & Zhang, M. (2023). Financial reporting and disclosure practices in China. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 76(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2023.101598
Mazzi, F., Slack, R. & Tsalavoutas, I. (2018). The effect of corruption and culture on mandatory disclosure compliance levels: Goodwill reporting in Europe. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 31, 52-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2018.06.001
McLaughlin, R. & Safieddine, A. (2008). Regulation and information asymmetry: Evidence from the performance of industrial and utility firms issuing seasoned equity in the USA. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 16(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/13581980810853217
Millán, J. (2006). Entre el mercado y el Estado, tres decadas de reformas en el sector eléctrico de América Latina. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo BID. https://publications.iadb.org/es/publicacion/16299/entre-el-mercado-y-el-estado-tres-decadas-de-reformas-en-el-sector-electrico-de
Mohd Ghazali, N. A. & Weetman, P. (2006). Perpetuating traditional influences: Voluntary disclosure in Malaysia following the economic crisis. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 15(2), 226-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2006.08.001
Mokhtar, E. S. (2017). Internet financial reporting determinants: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(1), 116-154. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-07-2016-0061
Mongrut, S. & Winkelried, D. (2019). Unintended effects of IFRS adoption on earnings management: The case of Latin America. Emerging Markets Review, 38, 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2018.11.004
Montesinos, V. (2009). Transparencia y responsabilidad en el sector público: el papel de la información financiera en tiempos de crisis. Asociación Española de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas, (87, Especial XV congreso), 26-28. https://www.aeca1.org/revistaeca/revista87/87.pdf
Moreira Carvalho Andrade, M. E. & Martins, E. (2017). Challenges with the public policy of measuring assets to set tariffs in the electricity sector: Should someone benefit, and someone be sacrificed? Revista Contabilidade e Financas, 28(75), 344-360. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201703160
Moreno-Enguix, M. R., Gras-Gil, E. & Henández-Fernández, J. (2019). Relation between internet financial information disclosure and internal control in Spanish local governments. Aslib Journal in Information Management, 71(2), 176-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-06-2018-0150
Naciones Unidas & CEPAL. (1999). Servicios públicos y regulación. https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/31230-servicios-publicos-regulacion
Nassir Zadeh, F., Salehi, M. & Shabestari, H. (2018). The relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and internet financial reporting in Iran. Corporate Governance, 18(6), 1021-1041. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-06-2017-0126
Nassreddine, G. (2015). Financial information disclosure. Cogent Economics and Finance, 3(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2015.1038208
Nurunnabi, M. & Hossain, M. A. (2012). The voluntary disclosure of internet financial reporting (IFR) in an emerging economy: a case of digital Bangladesh. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 6(1), 17-42. https://doi.org/10.1108/15587891211190688
Ojah, K. & Mokoaleli-Mokoteli, T. (2012). Internet financial reporting, infrastructures, and corporate governance: An international analysis. Review of Development Finance, 2(2), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2012.04.001
Orellana Fuentes, C. & Azúa Álvarez, D. (2017). Aplicación del modelo de revaluación de propiedades, planta y equipo en empresas chilenas del sector energético. Estudios Gerenciales, 33(142), 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2017.01.001
Pathak, R. D., Naz, R., Rahman, M. H., Smith, R. F. I. & Nayan Agarwal, K. (2009). E-Governance to cut corruption in public service delivery: A case study of Fiji. International Journal of Public Administration, 32(5), 415-437. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690902799482
Pina, V. & Torres, L. (2019). Online transparency and corporate governance in Spanish governmental agencies. Online Information Review, 43(4), 653-675. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-03-2018-0102
Pinto, I. & Ng Picoto, W. (2016). Configurational analysis of firms’ performance: Understanding the role of Internet financial reporting. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5360-5365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.138
Pivac, S., Vuko, T. & Cular, M. (2017). Analysis of annual report disclosure quality for listed companies in transition countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 30(1), 721-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2017.1311231
Rincón-Soto, C. A. & Gómez-Villegas, M. (2021). La medición a valor razonable en activos fijos. Caso empresas de servicios públicos domiciliarios cotizadas en Colombia. Cuadernos de Contabilidad, 22. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.cc22.mvra
Rincón-Soto, C. A., Gómez-Villegas, M. & Rivera-Arrubla, Y. A. (2021). The designs of financial information disclosure indices on the Internet. A systematic literature review. Cuadernos de Administración, 34. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cao34.didifi
Ríos Ramírez, A. & Garro, J. E. (2017). Accountability y sociedad civil: el control político en la era digital. Papel Político, 22(2), 311-337. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.papo22-2.ascc
Salama, P. & Valier, J. (1995). Corrupción y pobreza. Espiral, 2(4), 45-67. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=13820404
Salmerón Gómez, R., García Pérez, J., López Martín, M. D. M. & García, C. G. (2016). Collinearity diagnostic applied in ridge estimation through the variance inflation factor. Journal of Applied Statistics, 43(10), 1831-1849. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2015.1120712
Sanclemente-Arciniegas, J. (2019). El Estado accionista: gobierno de las empresas públicas en Colombia y Francia. Revista Derecho del Estado, 42, 249-278. https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n42.09
Serrano-Cinca, C., Fuertes-Callén, Y. & Gutiérrez-Nieto, B. (2007). Online reporting by banks: A structural modelling approach. Online Information Review, 31(3), 310-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520710764096
Shim, D. C. & Eom, T. H. (2008). E-Government and anti-corruption: Empirical analysis of international data. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(3), 298-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701590553
Timm Rathke, A. A., de Fátima Santana, V., Costa Lourenço, I. M. E. & Zóboli Dalmácio, F. (2016). International financial reporting standards and earnings management in Latin America. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 20(3), 368-388. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2016140035
Tirole, J. (2017). La economía del bien común. Taurus.
Vélez, L., Ramírez, A., Londoño, L., Giraldo, Y. & Londoño, D. (2011). Regulación y bienestar económico, evaluación de la regulación de servicios públicos domiciliarios de acueducto y electricidad en Colombia en los noventa. El caso de Empresas Públicas de Medellín. Lecturas de Economía, (74), 231-270.
Viveros Zuazo, A. A. (2015). El riesgo moral y la regulación de la calidad de los servicios públicos. Revista Derecho & Sociedad, (45), 45-52. https://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/derechoysociedad/article/view/15223
Weaver, B. & Wuensch, K. L. (2013). SPSS and SAS programs for comparing Pearson correlations and OLS regression coefficients. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 880-895. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0289-7
Xiao, J. Z., Yang, H. & Chow, C. W. (2004). The determinants and characteristics of voluntary internet-based disclosures by listed Chinese companies. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 23(3), 191-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2004.04.002
Yassin, M. M. (2017). The determinants of internet financial reporting in Jordan: Financial versus corporate governance. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 25(4), 526-556. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2017.085176
Young, M. N., Peng, M. W., Ahlstrom, D. & Bruton, G. D. (2003). Principal-principal agency. Web Journal of Chinese Management Review, 6(1), 18-45.
Young, M. N., Peng, M. W., Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. D. & Jiang, Y. (2008). Governing the Corporation in Emerging Economies: A Principal-Principal Perspective. Academic of Management - Proceedings, 2002(1), 196-220. https://doi.org/10.5465/apbpp.2002.7516497
Zhao, X. & Xu, H. D. (2015). E-Government and corruption: A longitudinal analysis of countries. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(6), 410-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.942736