Percepción del riesgo en viajes compartidos. Efectos de la «Ubereconomía» en el transporte de taxis

Perception of the risk in ridesharing. Effects of the «Ubereconomy» on cab transportation

Contenido principal del artículo

Resumen

En este estudio se investiga la percepción del riesgo y el contagio en red en el consumo de viajes compartidos — Uber y Carpooling—. El universo del estudio se relaciona directamente con los mercados impactados por la «Ubereconomía», principalmente, los taxis y los demás medios de transporte urbano. La hipótesis central de este estudio propone que los riesgos se diseminan a partir de una relación interpersonal entre participantes de una comunidad y el hecho de que ese riesgo puede ser propagado por un primer actor. La brecha explorada en este estudio contempla el contagio de la percepción del riesgo en economías de acceso para viajes compartidos y su impacto en el mercado de taxis. Los descubrimientos de la investigación indican que la seguridad y el confort son los principales aspectos del consumo de viajes compartidos. También se indican fallas en el sistema de evaluación de los usuarios y de los prestadores de servicio al realizar la validación del perfil a partir de redes sociales como Facebook y otros. El análisis permite concluir que, dado que la seguridad y la comodidad son atributos clave, cabe desarrollar funciones en las plataformas que tengan como objetivo mejorar los aplicativos, principalmente, en la de evaluación de los involucrados y en los indicadores de mantenimiento de los vehículos. Finalmente se establece la posibilidad extender los hallazgos de esta investigación para los otros negocios realizados en plataformas digitales de economía compartida.

Palabras clave:

Detalles del artículo

Referencias (VER)

Alers-Montalvo, M. (1953). Cultural Change in a Costa Rican Village. Human Organization, 15(4), 2-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.15.4.u15187u714120277

Bardhi, F.; Eckhardt, G. M. (2012). Access-based consumption: the case of car sharing. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(4), 881-898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/666376

Bawden-Davis, J. (27 de agosto de 2019). 5 reasons why Uber can be a risky choice (for drivers and passengers). Supermoney. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3erbGsY

Brooks, R. C. (1957). «Word-of-mouth» advertising in selling new products. Journal of Marketing, 22(2), 154-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1247212

Burt, R. S. (2016). Social contagion and innovation: cohesion versus structural equivalence. American Journal of Sociology, 92(6), 1287-1335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/228667

Chadha, S. (15 de enero de 2015). Use entirely at your own risk: 4 reasons why I will not use carpooling service BlaBlacars. Firstpost. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3ttspQP

Cox, J. (13 de octubre de 2017). Uber ban: firm to continue operating in London after filing appeal. Independent. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3ttiYkg

Cox, L. A. (2012). Confronting deep uncertainties in risk analysis. Risk Analysis, 32(10), 1607-1629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01792.x

de Luca, S.; di Pace, R.(2015). Modelling users’ behaviour in inter-urban carsharing program: a stated preference approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 71, 59-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.11.001

Dills, A. K.; Mulholland, S. E. (2018). Ride-sharing, fatal crashes, and crime. Southern Economic Journal, 84(4), 965-991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12255

Dornbusch, R.; Park, Y. C.; Claessens, S. (2000). Contagion: understanding how it spreads. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 177-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/15.2.177

Douglas, M.; Wildavsky, A. (1982). How can we know the risks we face? Why risk selection is a social process. Risk Analysis, 2(2), 49-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539- 6924.1982.tb01365.x

Estarque, M. (18 de septiembre de 2017). Cancelamento de corrida vira «febre» em Cumbica e irrita clientes da Uber. Folha de São Paulo. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2R0Wqdq

Fellows, N. T.; Pitfield, D. E. (2000). An economic and operational evaluation of urban car-sharing. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 5(1), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(99)00016-4

Forbes, K.; Rigobon, R. (2002). No contagion, only interdependence: measuring stock market comovements. American Finance Association, 57(5), 2223-2261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00494

Green, P. E.; Srinivasan, V. (1978). Conjoint analysis in consumer research: issues and outlook. Journal of Consumer Research, 5(2), 103-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/208721

Green, P. E.; Srinivasan, V. (1990). Conjoint analysis in marketing: new developments with implications for research and practice. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 3-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1251756

Guidotti, R.; Nanni, M.; Rinzivillo, S.; Pedreschi, D.; Giannotti, F. (2017). Never drive alone: boosting carpooling with network analysis. Information Systems, 64, 237-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2016.03.006

Hair, J. F.; Black, W.; Babin, B. J.; Anderson, R. E. (1998). Multivariate data analysis(5a ed.). Nueva York: Prentice Hall.

Jericho, G. (18 de abril de 2016). The dark side of Uber: why the sharing economy needs tougher rules. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3h9dHMa

Joffe, H. (2003). Risk: from perception to social representation. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(1), 55-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466603763276126

Johnson, R. M.; Olberts, K. A. (1996). Using conjoint analysis in pricing studies: is one price variable enough? Research Paper Series. Sequim: Sawtooth Software. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3bdJcRI

Kasperson, R. E.; Renn, O.; Slovic, P.; Brown, H. S.; Emel, J.; Goble, R.; Kasperson, J.; Ratick, S. (1988). The social amplification of risk-a conceptual framework. Society for Risk Analysis, 8(2), 177- 187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x

Kleinman, M. (20 de octubre de 2017). Uber hails ex-Ofcom chief to help drive London licence appeal. SkyNews. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3f4nP6s

Kravitz, D. A.; Martin, B. (1986). Ringelmann rediscovered. The original article. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(5), 936-941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.936

Latane, B.; Nida, S. (1981). Ten years of research on group size and helping. Psychological Bulletin, 89(2), 308-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.89.2.308

Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen effects in the theory of consumers’ demand. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1882692

Li, Y.; Taeihagh, A.; De Jong, M. (2018). The governance of risks in ridesharing: a revelatory case from Singapore. Energies, 11(5), 1277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051277

Marcoux, J-S. (2009). Escaping the gift economy. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(4), 671-685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/600485

Marriot, R. (1949). Size of working group and output. Occupational Psychology, 23(1), 47-57.

Masuda, J. R.; Garvin, T. (2006). Place, culture, and the social amplification of risk. Risk Analysis, 26(2), 437-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00749.x

Minifie, J. (2016). Peer-to-peer pressure policy for the sharing economy. Grattan Institute. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3w3rkB5

Murphy, D. M.; Paté-Cornell, E. (1996). The SAM framework: modeling the effects of management factors on human behavior in risk analysis. Risk Analysis, 16(4), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01096.x

Paté-Cornell, E. (2012). On «black swans» and «perfect storms»: risk analysis and management when statistics are not enough. Risk Analysis, 32(11), 1823-1833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01787.x

Prati, G.; Pietrantoni, L.; Zani, B. (2011). A social-cognitive model of pandemic influenza H1N1 risk perception and recommended behaviors in Italy. Risk Analysis, 31(4), 645-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01529.x

Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/221536

Riezler, K. (1944). The social psychology of fear. American Journal of Sociology, 49(6), 489-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/219471

Rigobon, R. (2002a). Contagion: how to measure it? En S. Edwards; J. A. Frankel (Eds.) Preventing currency crises in emerging markets. (269-234). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3bbRpps

Rigobon, R. (2002b). The curse of non-investment grade countries. Journal of Development Economics, 69(2), 423-449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00095-0

Ringelmann, M. (1913). Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de l'homme. Annales de l'Institut National Agronomique, 12(2), 1-40. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3uwyyge

Ryan, B.; Neal Grosst. (1943). The diffusion of hybrid seed corn in two Iowa communities. Rural Sociology, 8(1), 15-24.

Salek, S. (22 de septiembre de 2017). Por que o Uber não vai mais poder operar em Londres. BBC. Recuperado de https://bbc.in/3bamo5f

Scherer, C. W.; Cho, H. (2003). A social network contagion theory of risk perception. Risk Analysis, 23(2), 261-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00306

Simon, H. A. (1954). Bandwagon and underdog effects and the possibility of election predictions. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 18(3), 245-253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/266513

Marriot, R. (1949). Size of working group and output. Occupational Psychology, 23(1), 47-57.

Masuda, J. R.; Garvin, T. (2006). Place, culture, and the social amplification of risk. Risk Analysis, 26(2), 437-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00749.x

Minifie, J. (2016). Peer-to-peer pressure policy for the sharing economy. Grattan Institute. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3w3rkB5

Murphy, D. M.; Paté-Cornell, E. (1996). The SAM framework: modeling the effects of management factors on human behavior in risk analysis. Risk Analysis, 16(4), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01096.x

Paté-Cornell, E. (2012). On «black swans» and «perfect storms»: risk analysis and management when statistics are not enough. Risk Analysis, 32(11), 1823-1833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01787.x

Prati, G.; Pietrantoni, L.; Zani, B. (2011). A social-cognitive model of pandemic influenza H1N1 risk perception and recommended behaviors in Italy. Risk Analysis, 31(4), 645-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01529.x

Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/221536

Riezler, K. (1944). The social psychology of fear. American Journal of Sociology, 49(6), 489-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/219471

Rigobon, R. (2002a). Contagion: how to measure it? En S. Edwards; J. A. Frankel (Eds.) Preventing currency crises in emerging markets. (269-234). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3bbRpps

Rigobon, R. (2002b). The curse of non-investment grade countries. Journal of Development Economics, 69(2), 423-449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00095-0

Ringelmann, M. (1913). Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de l'homme. Annales de l'Institut National Agronomique, 12(2), 1-40. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3uwyyge

Ryan, B.; Neal Grosst. (1943). The diffusion of hybrid seed corn in two Iowa communities. Rural Sociology, 8(1), 15-24.

Salek, S. (22 de septiembre de 2017). Por que o Uber não vai mais poder operar em Londres. BBC. Recuperado de https://bbc.in/3bamo5f

Scherer, C. W.; Cho, H. (2003). A social network contagion theory of risk perception. Risk Analysis, 23(2), 261-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00306

Simon, H. A. (1954). Bandwagon and underdog effects and the possibility of election predictions. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 18(3), 245-253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/266513

Skinner, J.; Staiger, D. (2015). Technology diffusion and productivity growth in health care. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 97(5), 951-964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00535

Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236(4799), 280-285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507

Stiglic, M.; Agatz, N.; Savelsbergh, M.; Gradisar, M. (2016). Making dynamic ride-sharing work: the impact of driver and rider flexibility. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 91, 190-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.04.010

Topham, G. (13 de octubre de 2017). Uber launches appeal against loss of London licence. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3b7xc3R

White, D. R.; Burton, M. L.; Dow, M. M. (1981). Sexual division of labor in african agriculture: a network autocorrelation analysis. American Anthropologist, 83(4), 824-849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1981.83.4.02a00040

Wittink, D. R.; Cattin, P. (1989). Commercial use analysis: an of conjoint update. Journal of Marketing, 53(3), 91-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1251345

Wosskow, D. (2014). Unlocking the sharing economy: an independent review. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, UK Government. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3tunRJR

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citado por