Percepción del riesgo en viajes compartidos. Efectos de la «Ubereconomía» en el transporte de taxis
Perception of the risk in ridesharing. Effects of the «Ubereconomy» on cab transportation
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Bevilacqua, S., & Neira-Villena, J. E. (2021). Percepción del riesgo en viajes compartidos. Efectos de la «Ubereconomía» en el transporte de taxis. Revista Escuela De Administración De Negocios, (90), 213–232. https://doi.org/10.21158/01208160.n90.2021.2875
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En este estudio se investiga la percepción del riesgo y el contagio en red en el consumo de viajes compartidos — Uber y Carpooling—. El universo del estudio se relaciona directamente con los mercados impactados por la «Ubereconomía», principalmente, los taxis y los demás medios de transporte urbano. La hipótesis central de este estudio propone que los riesgos se diseminan a partir de una relación interpersonal entre participantes de una comunidad y el hecho de que ese riesgo puede ser propagado por un primer actor. La brecha explorada en este estudio contempla el contagio de la percepción del riesgo en economías de acceso para viajes compartidos y su impacto en el mercado de taxis. Los descubrimientos de la investigación indican que la seguridad y el confort son los principales aspectos del consumo de viajes compartidos. También se indican fallas en el sistema de evaluación de los usuarios y de los prestadores de servicio al realizar la validación del perfil a partir de redes sociales como Facebook y otros. El análisis permite concluir que, dado que la seguridad y la comodidad son atributos clave, cabe desarrollar funciones en las plataformas que tengan como objetivo mejorar los aplicativos, principalmente, en la de evaluación de los involucrados y en los indicadores de mantenimiento de los vehículos. Finalmente se establece la posibilidad extender los hallazgos de esta investigación para los otros negocios realizados en plataformas digitales de economía compartida.
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Referencias (VER)
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Brooks, R. C. (1957). «Word-of-mouth» advertising in selling new products. Journal of Marketing, 22(2), 154-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1247212
Burt, R. S. (2016). Social contagion and innovation: cohesion versus structural equivalence. American Journal of Sociology, 92(6), 1287-1335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/228667
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Cox, J. (13 de octubre de 2017). Uber ban: firm to continue operating in London after filing appeal. Independent. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3ttiYkg
Cox, L. A. (2012). Confronting deep uncertainties in risk analysis. Risk Analysis, 32(10), 1607-1629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01792.x
de Luca, S.; di Pace, R.(2015). Modelling users’ behaviour in inter-urban carsharing program: a stated preference approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 71, 59-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.11.001
Dills, A. K.; Mulholland, S. E. (2018). Ride-sharing, fatal crashes, and crime. Southern Economic Journal, 84(4), 965-991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12255
Dornbusch, R.; Park, Y. C.; Claessens, S. (2000). Contagion: understanding how it spreads. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 177-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/15.2.177
Douglas, M.; Wildavsky, A. (1982). How can we know the risks we face? Why risk selection is a social process. Risk Analysis, 2(2), 49-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539- 6924.1982.tb01365.x
Estarque, M. (18 de septiembre de 2017). Cancelamento de corrida vira «febre» em Cumbica e irrita clientes da Uber. Folha de São Paulo. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2R0Wqdq
Fellows, N. T.; Pitfield, D. E. (2000). An economic and operational evaluation of urban car-sharing. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 5(1), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(99)00016-4
Forbes, K.; Rigobon, R. (2002). No contagion, only interdependence: measuring stock market comovements. American Finance Association, 57(5), 2223-2261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00494
Green, P. E.; Srinivasan, V. (1978). Conjoint analysis in consumer research: issues and outlook. Journal of Consumer Research, 5(2), 103-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/208721
Green, P. E.; Srinivasan, V. (1990). Conjoint analysis in marketing: new developments with implications for research and practice. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 3-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1251756
Guidotti, R.; Nanni, M.; Rinzivillo, S.; Pedreschi, D.; Giannotti, F. (2017). Never drive alone: boosting carpooling with network analysis. Information Systems, 64, 237-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2016.03.006
Hair, J. F.; Black, W.; Babin, B. J.; Anderson, R. E. (1998). Multivariate data analysis(5a ed.). Nueva York: Prentice Hall.
Jericho, G. (18 de abril de 2016). The dark side of Uber: why the sharing economy needs tougher rules. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3h9dHMa
Joffe, H. (2003). Risk: from perception to social representation. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(1), 55-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466603763276126
Johnson, R. M.; Olberts, K. A. (1996). Using conjoint analysis in pricing studies: is one price variable enough? Research Paper Series. Sequim: Sawtooth Software. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3bdJcRI
Kasperson, R. E.; Renn, O.; Slovic, P.; Brown, H. S.; Emel, J.; Goble, R.; Kasperson, J.; Ratick, S. (1988). The social amplification of risk-a conceptual framework. Society for Risk Analysis, 8(2), 177- 187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x
Kleinman, M. (20 de octubre de 2017). Uber hails ex-Ofcom chief to help drive London licence appeal. SkyNews. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3f4nP6s
Kravitz, D. A.; Martin, B. (1986). Ringelmann rediscovered. The original article. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(5), 936-941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.936
Latane, B.; Nida, S. (1981). Ten years of research on group size and helping. Psychological Bulletin, 89(2), 308-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.89.2.308
Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen effects in the theory of consumers’ demand. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1882692
Li, Y.; Taeihagh, A.; De Jong, M. (2018). The governance of risks in ridesharing: a revelatory case from Singapore. Energies, 11(5), 1277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051277
Marcoux, J-S. (2009). Escaping the gift economy. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(4), 671-685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/600485
Marriot, R. (1949). Size of working group and output. Occupational Psychology, 23(1), 47-57.
Masuda, J. R.; Garvin, T. (2006). Place, culture, and the social amplification of risk. Risk Analysis, 26(2), 437-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00749.x
Minifie, J. (2016). Peer-to-peer pressure policy for the sharing economy. Grattan Institute. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3w3rkB5
Murphy, D. M.; Paté-Cornell, E. (1996). The SAM framework: modeling the effects of management factors on human behavior in risk analysis. Risk Analysis, 16(4), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01096.x
Paté-Cornell, E. (2012). On «black swans» and «perfect storms»: risk analysis and management when statistics are not enough. Risk Analysis, 32(11), 1823-1833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01787.x
Prati, G.; Pietrantoni, L.; Zani, B. (2011). A social-cognitive model of pandemic influenza H1N1 risk perception and recommended behaviors in Italy. Risk Analysis, 31(4), 645-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01529.x
Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/221536
Riezler, K. (1944). The social psychology of fear. American Journal of Sociology, 49(6), 489-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/219471
Rigobon, R. (2002a). Contagion: how to measure it? En S. Edwards; J. A. Frankel (Eds.) Preventing currency crises in emerging markets. (269-234). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3bbRpps
Rigobon, R. (2002b). The curse of non-investment grade countries. Journal of Development Economics, 69(2), 423-449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00095-0
Ringelmann, M. (1913). Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de l'homme. Annales de l'Institut National Agronomique, 12(2), 1-40. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3uwyyge
Ryan, B.; Neal Grosst. (1943). The diffusion of hybrid seed corn in two Iowa communities. Rural Sociology, 8(1), 15-24.
Salek, S. (22 de septiembre de 2017). Por que o Uber não vai mais poder operar em Londres. BBC. Recuperado de https://bbc.in/3bamo5f
Scherer, C. W.; Cho, H. (2003). A social network contagion theory of risk perception. Risk Analysis, 23(2), 261-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00306
Simon, H. A. (1954). Bandwagon and underdog effects and the possibility of election predictions. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 18(3), 245-253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/266513
Marriot, R. (1949). Size of working group and output. Occupational Psychology, 23(1), 47-57.
Masuda, J. R.; Garvin, T. (2006). Place, culture, and the social amplification of risk. Risk Analysis, 26(2), 437-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00749.x
Minifie, J. (2016). Peer-to-peer pressure policy for the sharing economy. Grattan Institute. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3w3rkB5
Murphy, D. M.; Paté-Cornell, E. (1996). The SAM framework: modeling the effects of management factors on human behavior in risk analysis. Risk Analysis, 16(4), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01096.x
Paté-Cornell, E. (2012). On «black swans» and «perfect storms»: risk analysis and management when statistics are not enough. Risk Analysis, 32(11), 1823-1833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01787.x
Prati, G.; Pietrantoni, L.; Zani, B. (2011). A social-cognitive model of pandemic influenza H1N1 risk perception and recommended behaviors in Italy. Risk Analysis, 31(4), 645-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01529.x
Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/221536
Riezler, K. (1944). The social psychology of fear. American Journal of Sociology, 49(6), 489-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/219471
Rigobon, R. (2002a). Contagion: how to measure it? En S. Edwards; J. A. Frankel (Eds.) Preventing currency crises in emerging markets. (269-234). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3bbRpps
Rigobon, R. (2002b). The curse of non-investment grade countries. Journal of Development Economics, 69(2), 423-449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00095-0
Ringelmann, M. (1913). Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de l'homme. Annales de l'Institut National Agronomique, 12(2), 1-40. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3uwyyge
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