Relaciones interorganizacionales en el turismo: una mirada desde los costos de transacción
Interorganizational relations in tourism: a look from transaction costs
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La comprensión del turismo como sistema de relaciones colaborativas entre empresas, no puede perder de vista la necesidad de mantener las relaciones lo más estable posible en el tiempo. Desde la perspectiva económica, la cooperación es una alternativa a las transacciones de mercado cuando los agentes hacen acuerdos de intercambio discrecional para mejorar conjuntamente su desempeño y competitividad; sin embargo, los resultados se pueden solapar con la aparición de comportamientos inadecuados. Es por ello que, los costos de transacción se convierten en un lente de interés que podría explicar la dinámica de las relaciones colaborativas y competitivas simultáneas en el sector turístico. De esta manera, el artículo se propone revisar teóricamente los aportes provenientes de la economía de los costos de transacción, para comprender las relaciones entre organizaciones que conforman el turismo; lo que llevó a adoptar una metodología cualitativa documental, como estudio interpretativo conceptual, recopilando los principales aportes teóricos y evidenciando la confirmación y yuxtaposición de estos postulados en la investigación empírica rescatada de bases de datos relevantes. Los principales hallazgos revelaron que las organizaciones optan por un gobierno de integración vertical cuando el sistema turístico coopera bajo el respaldo de un marco institucional. Así también, los sistemas turísticos conforman una forma híbrida de gobernanza. Una parte de las transacciones se deja al mercado (mediado por la palabra y la confianza), mientras que la otra se traduce en contratos de garantías, principalmente cuando existen activos idiosincrásicos que generan comportamientos oportunistas.
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