Productividad y capacidad exportadora de las empresas manufactureras: evidencia para Colombia 2015-2022

Productivity and export capacity of manufacturing companies: evidence for Colombia 2015-2022

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José Mauricio Gil León
Segundo Abrahán Sanabria Gómez

Resumen

Este documento pretende explicar la relación entre la productividad y la condición de exportadora de las empresas del sector manufacturero colombiano. La argumentación se guía por la hipótesis de que las empresas que inician actividades de exportación cuentan con mayores niveles de productividad frente a empresas que no venden en el mercado internacional. A través de estimaciones de datos panel se pretende observar si las empresas que se vuelven exportadoras, cuentan con mayores niveles de productividad antes de participar en el comercio internacional, en comparación con las empresas que no exportan. Los resultados muestran que la productividad determina la probabilidad que las empresas sean exportadoras y no a la inversa; igualmente, el tamaño relativo de la empresa, comparado con sus competidoras en el mercado local, se convierte en una condición que favorece la probabilidad de que esta empresa pueda avanzar hacia los mercados internacionales. Las empresas con mayor poder de mercado local pueden desarrollar y aprovechar capacidades tecnológicas y financieras que le facilitan procesos de innovación en productos y procesos más eficientes, condiciones que derivan en ganancias de productividad y competitividad tanto en el mercado local como en mercados extranjeros.


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