Entre brechas y oportunidades: radiografía del empleo femenino en las 13 principales ciudades de Colombia
Between Gaps and Opportunities: An Overview of Female Employment in Colombia’s 13 Major Cities
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La participación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral colombiano ha experimentado un crecimiento sostenido desde finales del siglo XX; sin embargo, persisten barreras estructurales que restringen su acceso a empleos formales y de calidad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las brechas y oportunidades asociadas al empleo femenino y a su calidad en las trece principales ciudades de Colombia y sus áreas metropolitanas durante el período 2015-2021. Para ello, se emplean microdatos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) y se aplican modelos econométricos probit y logit multinomial, complementados con un modelo de agrupamiento aglomerativo tipo clúster para la identificación de perfiles laborales. Los resultados evidencian que el nivel educativo constituye un factor determinante en la inserción laboral femenina, con una mayor probabilidad de empleo entre las mujeres con formación de posgrado. Asimismo, las mujeres mayores de 30 años presentan una mayor probabilidad de estar empleadas, en comparación con las más jóvenes. En contraste, la percepción de inestabilidad laboral y el deseo de cambiar de empleo reducen significativamente dicha probabilidad. De manera adicional, las mujeres que trabajan desde el hogar o se encuentran en condiciones de informalidad enfrentan mayores obstáculos para acceder a empleos formales. El análisis de clúster confirma que las mujeres con menores niveles educativos son más propensas al desempleo y a la ocupación en empleos de baja calidad. En conjunto, los hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas públicas orientadas a mejorar las condiciones laborales de las mujeres, reducir las brechas de género y promover su inclusión en sectores formales de la economía.
Detalles del artículo
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